Thursday 30 December 2021

Thinking Activity: Petals of Blood


Hello friends!

As a part of our syllabus we are studying a paper of African Literature. In this paper we are studying the novel "Petals of the Blood" by Ngugi Wa Thiong'oThis blog is a part of thinking activity given by our teacher at Department of English, MKBU.

Petals of Blood: Brief Overview



Petals of Blood is the fourth novel written by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, who is more commonly known simply as Ngugi. The novel describes the inequality, hypocrisy, and betrayal of peasants and workers in post-independence Kenya. As with Ngugi's other works, many of the events depicted in the novel have their basis in historical and social fact. The work is a damning indictment of the corruption and greed of Kenya's political, economic, and social elite who, after the struggle for freedom from British rule, have not returned the wealth of the land to its people but rather perpetuate the social injustice and economic inequality that were a feature of colonial oppression. In addition to criticizing this neocolonialism, the novel is also a bitter critique of the economic system of capitalism and its destructive, alienating effects on traditional Kenyan society.

The deeply political novel takes the form of a detective story. Three prominent industrialists in the town of Ilmorog in north-central Kenya have been murdered, and four suspects are questioned by the police. These four are the protagonists of the novel, whose interrelated stories are recounted against the background of Kenya's past and present. The shifting perspectives and timeline of the novel reinforce the sense of dislocation and disorientation of the once proud community of villagers who now struggle against the indignities of the neocolonial world.

The publication of Petals of Blood disturbed many of Kenya's leaders when it appeared in 1977, but the government did not formally denounce the novel. However, less than a year after it appeared Ngugi was imprisoned for his play I Will Marry When I Want. That work makes even more explicit the comparison between post-independence Kenyan leaders and British rulers.

Some commentators have faulted Ngugi for the novel's heavy-handed treatment of its message, the intrusive authorial voice, and the outdated socialist solution he offers for his country's ills. However, critics agree that Petals of Blood is an important contribution to world literature. Its admirers view it as an ambitious work that presents with artistic integrity Ngugi's statement of his social and political philosophy, and find it to be a realistic portrayal of the postcolonial experience in Kenya.


                  (Video-Full Summary of Petals of Blood👆)

Summary of Chapter 1

1.Munira had come from a vigil on the mountain when the police come for him, saying he is wanted at the Ilmorog police station for questioning about recent murders.

2. Abdulla is also approached, and he is locked in a cell at the station.

3. Wanja is at the hospital and a doctor says the police cannot see her because she is delirious.

4. Karega is asleep when the police come and bring him to the station. People gather outside, thinking he is in trouble for last night’s decision to strike, but the police say it is about murder.

5. The headline reads that Mzigo, Chui, and Kimeria, African directors of the Theng’eta Breweries and Enterprises Ltd., were burnt to death last night, and murder is suspected.

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Monday 27 December 2021

Thinking Activity: African Poetry

Hello Friends!

This blog is a response to the thinking activity given by our teacher. We are studying African LIterature as a part of our syllabus. In this paper, we are studying African Poetry. In this blog, I am going to write about the brief introduction of the poem ‘Vultures’ by Chinua Achebe and the brief summary of one article related to it.

Chinua Achebe



Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian novelist and poet, considered one of the most important writers of the twentieth century. He is best known for his debut novel Things Fall Apart (1958), which is the most widely read novel in modern African literature.

 Brief Introduction of the poem ‘Vulture’




‘Vultures’ by Chinua Achebe describes the vultures in such a disparaging and grim fashion that could be construed as a metaphor for the people responsible for the atrocities in Belsen and in particular the “Commandant”.Chinua Achebe’s ‘Vultures’ is a gritty poem that is hard to read due to the harrowing subject matter. By using several visual and olfactory imagery, Achebe creates a dark and filthy environment in the poem. It depicts a truthful picture of the Belsen concentration camp. The commandant, in the poem, is none other than a representative of a class, who selflessly thinks of his own family even if thousands of families are rotting just around him. The fetid smell of rotting humanity inside him gets featured through the imagery of the vultures.



This article starts with the basic information about Chinua Achebe. Eileen Newman says in his article that Chinua Achebe the Ibo novelist (born 1930) is probably better known for his first novel Things Fall Apart, published in 1958, than for his poetry. This poem, 'Vultures', could also be seen to deal with what happens in a country when 'Things fall apart and the 'blood-dimmed tide is loosed' as W. B. Yeats puts it in his poem, 'The Second Coming'.


'Vultures' is an expression of Achebe's horror at the obscenity of the civil war of 1967-70, which erupted when the eastern part of Nigeria tried to become the independent state of Biafra. Achebe was working for the Biafran government at the time and witnessed the suffering, violence, and brutality of this bloody war. The rebel nation was starved into submission and in 1971 Achebe published a volume of poetry Beware Soul Brother, dealing with war and its legacy. It is, at present, his only book of poems and was published in the USA as Christmas in Biafra. 'Vultures' is one of the poems in the second section of the book, which deals with the aftermath of war.

He also talks about the paradox in the poem by saying that the title 'Vultures' immediately carries with it a host of repulsive, horrific, and frightening associations, which Achebe expands upon in the main body of the poem. The very awkwardness of these birds is mirrored in the poem's irregular structure. The vulture has an ungainly, shuffling gait, head bobbing, neck pulsating, eyes never leaving sight of its victim. Its jerky movements seem to be almost an apology for its repugnant opportunism.


Achebe takes an image of this creature and its natural behavior as a metaphor for the paradox of man's simultaneous capacity for good and evil. He then explores this paradox more explicitly, reflecting on the fact that good and evil, love and hate, kindness and cruelty can exist together in one being. The poem is set in a country where unburied corpses lie in ditches. Although the background is the Nigerian civil war, the Belsen concentration camp is brought into the poem as a reminder of European atrocities; the issues here are universal. The poem is structured in the form of an argument. Achebe's consideration of the phenomenon of evil in our lives is reminiscent of some of Edwin Muir's philosophical poems in which Muir examines the sudden lurch towards evil. In 'The Good Town' Muir conveys the same bewilderment when he asks: 'How did it come?' and goes on to ask the unthinkable: 'Could it have come from us?' Likewise, Achebe finds it 'Strange/indeed' that love can exist alongside hatred and brutality.


Reference

Newman, Eileen. "Chinua Achebe's 'Cultures'." The English Review, vol. 10, no. 2, Nov. 1999, p. 14. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A79411118/LitRC?u=anon~76ee63f4&sid=googleScholar&xid=2f5d376e. Accessed 27 Dec. 2021.

Sunday 26 December 2021

Thinking Activity: Revolution 2020

Revolution Twenty20




Hello friends! 

Welcome to my blog. In this blog, I am going to write about the contemporary novel Revolution 2020. One of the most famous popular writers Chetan Bhagat writes so many novels. " Revolution 2020" is written by Chetan Bhagat.



Brief Introduction about the novel

Revolution 2020: Love, Corruption, Ambition is a 2011 novel by Chetan Bhagat. Its story is concerned with a love triangle, corruption, and a journey of self-discovery. R2020 has addressed the issue of how private coaching institutions exploit aspiring engineering students and how parents put their lifetime earnings at stake for these classes so that their children can crack engineering exams and change the fortune of the family. While a handful accomplishes their dreams, others sink into disaster. Revolution-2020 happens in three stages in Chetan Bhagat’s novel and is listed as love, ambition, and corruption in the novel Revolution-2020.  All these three stages are played by Gopal, Aarti, and Raghav –characters in the novel. Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti have their own ambition in life. Gopal wants to be a rich man, Raghav wants to change the world and Aarti wants to become an air hostess.

The story is about Gopal’s consistent failures to crack an entrance exam which would help him a clean entry in an IIT. He loves a girl Aarti, who considers him just like a best friend, and is in love with Gopal’s childhood friend Raghav. Gopal tries to propose Aarti on many occasions but every time Aarti forbids him to do so. 

 "Imagine every Sadhu  and  priest in  Varanasi  more  than  all their  devotion  put together, that’s how much I loved her."

These lines of Gopal remind the lines of Hamlet, where Hamlet explains his love for Ophelia beyond any match. 
 
 “I loved Ophelia, forty thousand brothers Could not with all their quantity of love, make up my sum.”


In this novel, we find satire on politics and the education system. We can say that the novel has the plot of the education system and politics. 

"This novel is an X-Ray image of our Political and Education system."

The story revolves around the narrator Gopal as he shares his experiences with the author. As usual, this time as well the names of the main characters have been taken from Hindu mythology. Here is his tweet about this...




Our task is to ponder upon the questions given by the teacher. Let's discuss it in detail.

1)If you have to write a fan-fiction, how would you move ahead with the ending of this novel or what sort of change you would bring at the end of the novel?

I would like to change the ending of the novel in a positive way. In the original novel in the end we can not find the success of Raghav in bringing Revolution. So I would like to end this novel by bringing revolution somewhere in the world. And then I would like to continue this novel through the perspective of Raghav. I would also like to change Aarti's attitude towards education.


2)If you were to adapt this novel for the screen, what sort of changes would you make in the story and characters to make it better than the novel?

If I will adapt the novel for the screen then I will change the plot of the novel. Because Novel's title is Revolution Twenty 20 but it focuses more on love rather than revolution. It diverts the attention of the reader towards love. So revolution will be the central and major theme of my adaptation. I will make the theme of revolution stronger than the theme of love.

Second, I want to change the narrative technique of the novel. I will add an unnamed narrator to the screen. And the unnamed narrator will tell the story of this novel. I also want to change the character of Raghav by giving success to him in the end. The end of the novel will be the end of the revolution.




3) 'For a feminist reader, Aarti is a sheer disappointing character.' Do you agree with this statement? If yes, what sort of characteristics would you like to see in Aarti? If you disagree with this statement, why? What is it in Aarti that you are satisfied with this character?

Yes, I agree with this statement that Aarti is a sheer disappointing character. Because her character is very weak as compared to the other characters in the novel. She is the daughter of a rich family but she doesn't give importance to studying. She is shown as a simple girl in the novel. She can not decide her future. She doesn't know with whom she will be happy, Raghav or Gopal? When she is ready to stay with Gopal because of money at that time we find that she is not able to make the right decision in her life. She hasn't desire to do something for her family or for the country. So her character is very weak in the novel.


 
4)'For a true revolutionist, the novel is terribly disappointing.' Do you agree? If yes, what sort of changes would you make in character or situation to make it a perfect revolutionary novel? If you disagree, what is in the novel that you are satisfied with? 

Yes, I agree with this statement that the novel is terribly disappointing. Because if we look at the title itself, it highlights love rather than revolution. The word love is used 56 times in the novel while revolution is used 36 times. It suggests that it focuses on lovers more than revolution. The narration diverts towards love. The major concern to writing this novel is obviously revolution.

I would like to change the narration of the novel and that narration focuses on the revolution. For that, I would like to change the character of Raghav. Because Raghav is the only character who wants a revolution in the world.

Thank you...

Thursday 23 December 2021

ASSIGNMENTS

 



👉Assignment: Semester-I

  1. Literature of the Elizabethan and Restoration Periods
  2. Literature of the Neo-classical Period
  3. Literature of the Romantics
  4. Literature of the Victorians
  5. History of English Literature – From 1350 to 1900
👉Assignment: Semester-II

PRESENTATIONS











👉Presentation: Semester-I

  1. Literature of the Elizabethan and Restoration Periods
  2. Literature of the Neo-classical Period
  3. Literature of the Romantics
  4. Literature of the Victorians
  5. History of English Literature – From 1350 to 1900
👉 Presentation: Semester-II

  1. The Twentieth Century Literature: 1900 to World War II
  2. The Twentieth Century Literature: From World War II to the End of the Century
  3. The American Literature
  4. Literary Theory & Criticism and Indian Aesthetics
  5. History of English Literature – From 1900 to 2000
👉Presentation: Semester-III
👉Presentation: Semester-IV

Presentation 15: Cultural Studies

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Here is my presentation on paper 15- Risk Society and Covid 19



I've uploaded my video on my Youtube channel. You can watch it from here.


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Presentation 14 : Contemporary Western Theories and Film Studies

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Here is my presentation on paper 14- Theory of Deconstruction with Examples




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Presentation 13 : The Postcolonial Studies

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Here is my presentation on paper 13- Postcolonial Theory and Literature: An Overview




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Presentation 12 : Indian English Literature – Post -Independence

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Here is my presentation on paper 12- Biography of Kamala Das



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Presentation 11: Indian English Literature – Pre-Independence

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Here is my presentation on Paper 11-Comparative Study of R.K. Narayan's Malgudi and Thomas Hardy's Wessex.



I've uploaded my video on my Youtube channel. You can watch it from here.


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Presentation 10: History of English Literature – From 1900 to 2000

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Here is my presentation on Paper 10: The 'Rasa' Theory and the Concept of 'Sublime': A Universal Approach of Bharatmuni and Longinus



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Presentation 9: Literary Theory & Criticism and Indian Aesthetics

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 Here is my presentation on paper 10: Dystopian Element in the novel 1984



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Presentation 8: The American Literature

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Here is my presentation on paper 8- Comparison: Poetry of Frost and  Wordsworth.



I 've uploaded my video on my Youtube channel. You can watch it from here.


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Presentation 7: The Twentieth Century Literature: From World War II to the End of the Century

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Here is my presentation on Paper 7- Modern Setting: Science Fiction.



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Presentation 6 : The Twentieth Century Literature: 1900 to World War II

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Here is my presentation on Paper 6-The Great Gatsby 1974 VS The Great Gatsby 2013.




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Presentation 5: History of English Literature

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Here is my presentation about Paper 5- Style in Shakespeare and Chaucer...



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Presentation 4: Lioterature of the Victorians

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Here is my presentation about Paper 4- Utilitarianism in Hard Times.



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Presentation 3: Literature of the Romantics

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Here is my presentation about Paper 3 - Scientific Fiction in Frankenstein





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Presentation 2: Literature of the Neo-classical Period

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Here is my presentation about Paper 2-The Portrayal of Women in Richardson's Pamela and Austen's Pride and Prejudice



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Presentation 1: Literature of the Elizabethan and Restoration Periods

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Here is my presentation about Paper 1 - Macbeth and The Great Chain of Being







I've also uploaded a video of my presentation on YouTube. Click here to watch the video...



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The Last Leaf by O'Henry

#std9  #moments #surprisingendings  The most important feature of O. Henry’s writing is the unexpected ending. The story usually...