Herman Northrop Frye was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of 20th century. Northrop Frye developed a theory of literature based on myths and Archetypes.
1. What is Archetypal of Criticism? What does the Archetypal Critic do?
Ans. Archetype is a term of narrative design, symbol, character, dream, collective images, myths, ritual and universal thing are in literature. 'Archetype of criticism' means denotes recurrent narrative design and it may that to art into images and pattern of one another character and theme type of in literature. The Archetypal critic tries to find this pattern, symbol and myth in present literary work.
Every Knowledge can be received in a systematic way.
We can't jump directly on our goal. So Every body of knowledge can be learn progressively.
Literature = Nature
Spring - Comedy
Summer - Romance
Autumn - Tragedy
Winter - Irony & Satire
3. Share your views of criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
Archetype criticism is based on philosophy and History of people. As it has been said that literature includes history as well as philosophy to convey its meaning so it displays events and ideas. History and philosophy are two important pillars of literature. History gives events and philosophy gives ideas and writer combines both and creates work of literature. Thus both are important to literature. We are not studying history or philosophy but talking only their help to understand literature.
4. Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
Observation > Theory
Particular > General
In Inductive method of analysis we see some structure or pattern and try to apply that particular structure on larger context. In archetypal criticism Inductive method is a kind of taking step back. We can't see the beauty of the things very closely. When we go very close to any painting so what we find is only strokes of brush, but when we walk step back then we find the painting beautiful. In the same manner Inductively, We applied same thing on larger context.
In inductive method there are not all situation same, but some extent it's going to meet. There were some data and on the basis of that we generalized the theory. Collect some information and on the basis of that conclude our discussion.
Shakespeare's Hamlet is a tragic drama known for the best quoted sentence "To be or Not to be, that is the question." In Hamlet when we see Grave digging scene where we can apply Inductive method and make some specific idea universally applicable. Three generalisation can be emerged from that particular scene….
Hamlet holding Yorick's skull which demonstrate that whoever we are, king, nobleman, prince/Princess, nobleman or even God...Who take birth on this Earth definitely going to die one day. So we all are mortal beings.
Liebestod : Liebe means Love and Tod means Death. So Liebestod means "Love Death" or can we say Death of one side love. Two lover's love end up with the death or after death. Here at digging of grave for Ophelia Hamlet who confess his love at the death of Ophelia and also make fight with Laertes. This particular scene is used for many narrative but in a different manner and generalized the specific concept.
5. Briefly explain deductive method reference to an analogy to music, painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.
General > Particular
Theory > Observation
Universal > Specific
. Deductive means from general to specific. Some are art like music moves in time and some like paintings moves in space. Music has rhythm which is temporal and painting have pattern which is spatial. But all assets may be conceived both temporally and spatially. Literature seems in between music and painting. The rhythm of literature is narration and pattern is the meaning
6. Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.
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Spring વસંત (Vasus); The shining one
Summer ગ્રીષ્મ (Rudras); Destruction God
Rainy Season વર્ષા (Adityas); Creative potency of the forms of sun)
Autumn શરદ (Visvadevas); Universal Principal
Pre-Winter હેમંત (Maruts); Wind God
Cold Season શિશિર
सूरज की गर्मी
सूरज की गर्मी से सूखे नदी ताल.
जीव सभी प्यासे हैं हाल बेहाल.
पंखे से निकल रही गरम हवाएँ.
कूलर और एसी भी काम नहीं आएँ.
बढ़ी बेचैनी पारा चढ़ा उपर.
लू के थपेड़ों से जीना हुआ दूभर.
पानी की किल्लत से लोग परेशान.
तप रहा घर आँगन सभी हैरान.
लोगों का धूप में मुश्किल निकलना.
थोड़ी थोड़ी दूरी पर पड़ रहा रुकना.
तीखी तेज धूप ने तांडव मचाया.
हवाएँ गरम चलीं पसीना आया.
-Harjeet Nishad
When we look at the following poem according to Indian seasonal greed then we find it is written about hot and hellish summer in Asian countries and especially in India. According to archetypal criticism Summer is the season of Romance, maturity, meeting, culmination but in India there is reverse situation because of the weather of India. Sun rays are very straight in India so Summer is hot in India so we can't find literature written on Romance during Summer. So following three poems try to show the terrible hot season of India and according to Deductive method we can conclude with particular statement that Summer in India is Hot so it is not considered as Romantic season like in other cold countries.
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