Thinking Activity: Derrida and Deconstruction

(By clicking on the image you will get resource to know more about Derrida)

Hello friends..

Normally we think that Literary theories in Literature and especially when we came to modern theories it is a kind of heavy dose. But, as usual like every coin everything has two opposite side. Similarly, it is interesting to read theories and apply it on literary text or on any kind of art is very much helpful to read text from multiple angles. So what we have done here is deconstructing the very stereotyped belief that Literary theory are very hard...But no it is very easy after deep reading. So today, I am going to talk about the very modern and keen theory of Post-Structuralism is Deconstruction by Derrida.

👉Structuralism and Post structuralism is the knot from which the two branches of philosophy separates. to know more about both dialects Click here. Jacques Derrida was one of the famous post-structuralist critic who gave the idea of Deconstruction . In his essay Structure, Sign and Play  he discusses the process of Deconstruction at length. He has refused to define the term because even in the process of giving the definition it loses the meaning and deconstructs itself.

👉Blog for further understanding of deconstruction by Dr. Dilip Barad,Click here

🟦What is Deconstruction?

🟦Definition of Deconstruction :-

A philosophical movement and theory of literary Criticism that questions traditional assumption about certainty, identity and truth; asserts that words can only refer to other words; and attempts to demonstrate how statement about any text subvert their own meaning. 

                           -         Your Dictionary

Derrida the founder of term Deconstruction refuse to define it. Because he personally believes that anything on the Earth cannot be defined at it extreme and complete. So by denying to define Deconstruction Derrida making the deconstruction of very common idea of "Definition." 

Deconstruction is a reaction against Structuralism. Structuralist strongly believed that everything has some kind of similar structure which is fixed and absolute. But Post-Structuralist neglected the idea of Structuralism and said There is nothing like Constant everything is changing. 

Through the theory of Deconstruction what Derrida wants to prove is that Nothing is fixed whether it is time or meaning of words. Meaning of word changes with different contexts. Everything is going to be changed with every moment. So this is the simplified version of Deconstruction. But what Derridian concept of Deconstruction is that text is a "Free play of Meaning" You can read the text from different angles and point out different meanings from the same text by dismantling or decentering the original meaning.

When we decode the word "Being" (means something is existed), 

The "Be" means Complete, done and "ing" refers to something which is in process.

So the word Being is also denotes two meaning that you are something and you are also in the process of becoming something

So, the word 'Being' is signifier, which signifying nothing. According to Lacan There is constant sliding between signifier and signified. We can never reach at the ultimate or proper meaning. Signifier which lead to another signifier and signifies nothing. It is all about playing of Word-game. Very appropriate quote for Deconstruction is that….

"When you play with words,

Words play with you."

🟨Decostrutive Reading of the film 'Hellaro':

👉Free Play of meanings:

“Hellaro” can be viewed as a text with multiple interpretations. The title of the film which is “Hellaro” means ‘the air of freshness’, ‘a wave’ or ‘the outburst’ contains many serious ideas within itself. On one hand this title has a literary significance of the air of fresh thoughts or new vibes but on the very other hand the texture of the film is going backwards with an aim to show the rural village of Kutch during the time of emergency in and around 1975. In one of the scene (duration 15:40) the men of the village were discussing with ‘Mukhiya’ on whether to allow a widow to fetch water from the river nearby the village or not. The time of the film can be recognized in their conversation.

“The government has not been able to reach here, how will the emergency get to us?”

The film pulls in the backward direction with the rituals and norms which are followed by the village folks but with the same speed those norms and rituals pushes the audience forward where they are able to recognize the absences through which the film becomes a revolt against the patriarchal constructions.We can say that the meaning of the title is still unclear. The meaning of the text gets blurred at the moment of watching the scene where the men perform Garba with swords. The title may mean a wave but the first performance of Garba by men is thrilling where the camera speaks the language. Men are playing garaba outside but the women are suppressed inside their home. These two vital frames represent the  patriarchal family structures. It creates an ambiguity whether the garba played by men proves their manliness and their strength in controlling women or it is their mentality to squash a little girl’s curiosity when she asks why she can’t play the garba like her father. As soon as she finishes her question a strong patriarchal voice flashes which command her mother to teach the daughter not to even as such question! The film is not only about woman’s revolt against patriarchy but it also has many interesting characteristics that qualifies it as a good art.

👉DECENTERING THE CENTER 

 

   If we look at the center of the film is the goddess or Maavdi. And as the deconstructive reading demands the deep observation of recognizing the irony, the making of God and glorification by men of the village generates a scope to read the absences, as well as the ironical implications, supports the idea of Albert Camus which suggests that killing god is a necessary rebel. Through the making of the goddess and glorifying her, the film perhaps reveal ironically the helplessness of humans especially the women of the village. In the film the very idea ‘Maavdi’ of the folktale from which the story is believed to have inspired, is killed. The folks of the village keep on praying the goddess for rain but she is not at all blessing the villagers. Despite this, a tale is weaved around the draught like condition of the village where a woman’s elopement is the major issue. The woman for the scope of earning attempted to liberate herself from the threshold of patriarchy and the headstrong norms designed especially for the suppression of women.

👉DIFFERANCE

The ‘Maavdi’ itself is the main sign. The idea of ‘Maavdi’ is different to men and women of the villages. For one group, it is the medium to express joy and for another it is the medium of suppression. Because of this reason, perhaps, the women perform garba along the tunes of dholi without any medium. The idea of ‘Maavdi’ is broken.

💠Incident of letter

👉METAPHYSICS OF PRESENCE

In the film ‘Hellaro’, the dialogue is repeated almost number of times-

“Maavdi rasto batavse”

This  statement by the ‘Mukhiya’ of village rules the film.The earlier frame which shows that only men can play garba is completely broken down by the last frame.

 

👉BINARY OPPOSITIONS 

Structuralists used to believe that language is created on Binary Opposition where one is privileged over the other. But deconstionists have totally dismantled this concept where they believe there is nothing like opposite things. Everything is equal and on the same line.

           The film ‘Hellaro’ has indeed made a change in the society where it tried to focus on the human centric world rather than the god centric world as well as being a feminist film, perhaps, it revealed the gender dynamics which operates within society. The deconstructive reading may reveal that in the film all men, on one hand, have the deepest faith in their ‘Maavdi’ (Goddess) but on the very other hand they oppress their own wives.

🟦 Second Example

   👉In this video you will find the binary opposition like Superior / Inferior, Master / slave, poor/rich , light / dark. the main idea of this advertisement is after eating this chewing gum you will get sparkling white.but if look according Derradian concept of deconstruction it is breaking the idea of light or white. all these men are serving in royal palace to give light. at first look we din't get this.but after reading Derrida this ad present opposite binares.

🟦Deconstrive Reading of the poem:The Road Not Taken.

We studied this poem while in sem 2.So here I would like to Deconstrunct this poem.First of all we tried to look at the meaning of the title.

👉Meaning

            "The Road not Taken," is a text which rises over multiple differences some of them are: 

💠The title itself supplies the major difference in the text.

💠There are two roads: 

1.the road not taken and

2.the road taken. 

This suggests two meanings: 

a- It can mean that the poem is about the road which the speaker did not take. 

b- It can also mean that the poem is about the road which the speaker took which was not taken by others.

 

👉 Signs and difference

Different signs are used in the text in order to suggest rich meanings. The road itself is a main sign. Roads are used in life and culture to stand for lifeline, its crises and decisions. The road in the text suggests a shift in the way of life for the speaker and shows his decision to make a new turn in it. The moral indication in this sign is clear: man must keep on developing his manner of thinking: 

👉The poet also uses color signs of yellow and black in the poem:                             

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, 

 And sorry I could not travel both 

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

 🟦" सौंदर्य साबुन निरमा ।"

   

              

It is advertisement of Nirma Soap. In this ad one beautiful girl gives the ad of quality of Nirma soap. The tagline of advertisement is सबकी पसंद निरमा, सौंदर्य साबुन निरमा । They use here Nirma soap for beauty. Here my observation is the girl is already beautiful and white natural. There is not any effect of Nirma Soap. The main thing is that they ( Celebrities) really uses these kind of soap in their day today life ? Definitely the answer is no, then why they cheat with common people. They chose the girl for advertisement, who is already white and in reality they never uses this type of soap. 

Thinking Activity: Future of Postcolonial Studies-Globalization and Environmentalism

Hello friends

In this blog I am going to write about the two articles from Ania Loomba's book "Colonialism and Postcolonialism".Ania Loomba's 'Colonialism and Postcolonialism' is worth referring to when we are understanding Postcolonialism. This book remains significant for two chief reasons….

👉Clarity in Concept: The way writer introduce any concept and theories regarding Postcolonial studies is explained in a very direct and clear language.

👉Contemporaneity: Relevance with current ongoing situations makes this book more noteworthy. The book is designed in such a way that we find parallelism between what is explained in a book with social, economical and political situations. of the day.

1.Conclusion: Globalisation and The Future of Postcolonial Studies

The article started with the 9/11 attack in the America.In Postcolonial Study the violent events like this is also a part of the phenomenon we think of as globalisation.In this article Anina Loomba has also mentioned important critics of Globalisation and some are in favoured of globalisation.

🟦Michal Hardt & Antonio Negri :'Empire'

'Empire' argues that the contemporary global order has produced a new form of sovereignty which should be called'Empire'.They talking about the new US.

In contrast to imperialism, Empire establishes no territorial.center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decen. tered and deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incor- porates the entire global realm within its open, expanding frontiers. Empire manages hybrid identities, flexible hierarchies, and plural exchanges through modulating networks of command. The distinct national colors of the imperial map of the world have merged and blended in the imperial global rainbow.

                           (Hardt and Negri 2000: xiii-xii)

They believed that the new empire is better compared to the Roman Empire rather than the European colonialism.

🟦Arjun Appadurai - "Modernity at Large"

He talks about the cultural diamensions of globalisation.New hybridity,new forms of communication,new food,new clothes and new pattern of consumption are offered for the newness and benefits of globalisation.

🟦Simon Gikandi - "Globalisation and the claim of Postcoloniality"

He talked about the two terms of Postcolonial Studies.

-hybridiity

-differrnce

It is premature argue that the images and narratives that denote the new global culture are connected to a global structure or that they are disconnected from earlier or older forms of identity.In other words there is no reason no suppose that the global flow in images has a biological connection to transformation in social or cultural relationships'(Gikandi 2001:632; emphasis added).

🟦Etienne Balibar - Racism and Nationalism

For Balibar the new racial ideologies are not less rigid simply because they invoke culture instead of nature; and can be equally pernicious.(Balibar 1991a:22). Balibar connects neo-racism to anti 

-Semitism of the Renaissance.

🟦Samuel Huntington-Clash of Civilization

In his book he talks about Jews and Muslims.They both are important in reminding us that culture and biology have in fact never been neatly separable categories.And he also talk about strategies of inclusion and exclusion.

MUSLIMS- despotic and intractable

ASIAN.    - inscrutable and hard working

🟦P.Sainath -"And Then There Was The Market"

As we all know that globalisation made information and technology more widely available in the world.But P.Sainath observed far from fostering ideological openness. And it resulted in its own fundamentalism.

I found one interesting quote of P.Sainath from the article.

Market fundamentalism destroys more human lives than any other simply because it cuts across all national, cultural, geographic, reli- gious and other boundaries.It's as much at home in Moscow as in Mumbai or Minnesota.A South Africa - whose advances in the early 1990s thrilled the world- moved swiftly from apartheid to neo-liberal- ism.It sits as easily in Hindu, Islamic or Christian societies.And it contributes angry, despairing recruits to the armies of all religious fundamentalisms.Based on the premise that the market is the solu- tion to all the problems of the human race, it is, too, a very religious fundamentalism.It has its own Gospel: The Gospel of St. Growth, of St. Choice...

Argument of  Indian Research Group:

The great range of actual measures carried on under the label of glob- alization .. were not those of integration and development. Rather they were the processes of imposition, disintegration, underdevelop- ement and appropriation. They were of continued extraction of debt servicing payments of the third world; depression of the prices of raw materials exported by the same countries; removal of tariff protection for their vulnerable productive sectors; removal of restraints on for- eign direct investment, allowing giant foreign corporations to grab larger sectors of the third world's economies; removal of restraints on the entry and exit of massive flows of speculative international capital, allowing their movements to dictate economic life; reduction of State spending on productive activity, development and welfare; privatization of activities, assets and natural resources, sharp increases in the cost of essential services and goods such as electricity, fuel, health care, education, transport, and food (accompanied by the harsher depression of women's consumption within each family's declining consumption); withdrawal of subsidized credit earlier directed to starved sectors; dismantling of workers' security of employment; reduction of the share of wages in the social product; suppression of domestic industry in the third world and closures of manufacturing firms on a massive scale; ruination of independent small industries; ruination of the handicrafts/handloom sector; replacement of subsis- tence crops with cash crops; destruction of food security. 

(Research Unit for Political Economy, 2003: n.p.)

👉so we can say that the  new empire both facilitates global connections and creats new opportunities and entrenched disparities and new divisions.

"Globalization is just another name for submission and domination', Nicanor Apaza, 46, an unemployed miner, said at a demonstration this week in which Indian women ... carried banners denouncing the International Monetary Fund and demanding the president's resigna- tion.'We've had to live with that here for 500 years, and now we want to be our own masters.'

👉The phrase "Market Fundamentalism"  is also use as a critique of globalisation by Joseph E Stiglitz, Nobel laureate and once Chief Economist at the World Bank.And sometimes it has been imposed upon the world by institutions like the world Bank and the IMF.Here I would like to quote that..

The international financial institutions have pushed a particular ideol- politics; it is based on premises concerning how markets work that do not hold even for developed countries, much less for developing countries. The IME has pushed these economic policies without a broader vision of society or the role of economics within society. And it has pushed these policies in ways that have undermined emerging democracies. More generally, globalization itself has been governed in ways that are undemocratic and have been disadvantageous to developing countries, especially the poor within those countries. (2002:)

🟦 Robert D Kalpnath:  "Supremacy by Stealth"

In this work he sees no contradiction between global networks of the kind identified by Hardt and Negri,and an American hegemony.

🟦Niall Ferguson

He said against the fact of Kalpnath that,

The British Empire has had a pretty lousy press from a generation of 'postcolonial' historians anachronistically affronted by its racism. But the reality is that the British were significantly more successful at establishing market economies, the rule of law and the transition to representative government than the majority of postcolonial govern- ments have been. The policy 'mix' favored by Victorian imperialists reads like something just published by the International Monetary Fund, if not the World Bank: free trade, balanced budgets, sound money, the-common law, incorrupt administration and investment in infrastructure financed by international loans. These are precisely the things the world needs right now. (2003: 54)

🟦ACTA: American Council of Trustees and Alumni

ACTC suggest that universities are not up to this task because there are large number of American academics and students are critic of US Policies.

"Western civilization is the primary source of the world's ills even though it gave us the ideals of democracy,human rights, individual liberty and mutual tolerance".

👉Examples

💠The ‘tiger’ who exposed Nestlé’s formula scandal in Pakistan

Dying of artificial milk. This is what was happening in the 90’s in Pakistan, where formula was proposed in bad faith as the more modern and healthier alternative to breast milk. Tigers, the movie by the director Danis Tanovic (Oscar in 2002 for No Man’s Land), tells the real story of the former Nestlé salesman Syed Aamir Raza, who denounced the multinational’s criminal marketing policies, paying the price in terms of professional and personal consequences. The “Tigers” were those expert salesmen that were trained to convince people to stop breast feeding because it was described as an archaic and obsolete practice, in favour of artificial milk, which was strongly incentivised to doctors through samples, dinners, travels, and other benefits offered by the company.

💠Soft-drink giants accused over pesticides

💠Maggi Controversy

This we can see as a dark side or down side of the globalization. Because directly it has create an impact on Nestle Company.

If you want to know that why it is banned india?Click here.

💠Twitter VS Government of India

Examples from the Film

💠 Reluctant Fundamentalism:

the conflict between market fundamentalism and religious fundamentalism in the aftermath of 9/11.

💠Chakravyuh

 

💠Madaari - The conflict between common man (father whose child died in bridge crash) and nexus between construction company and politicians

💠Sonali cable - conflict between a girl who runs local tv/internet cable service vs giant company 'Shining' which started providing broadband.

 

 

💠Ghayal Once Again Again - the conflict of younsters who witnessed Murder of RTI activist against multi-business owner Bansal (represents Ambanis)

2.Conclusion:The Future of Postcolonial Studies

The article starts with the practitioner of Postcolonial studies like Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,

"No longer have a Postcolonial perspective.I think Postcolonial is the day before yesterday".(Spivak:2013: 2)

🟦Vandana Shiva: Environmental Activist

She exposed the connection between colonialism and the destruction of environmental according to her culture is very women- friendly.

According to Ramachandra Guha and Jaun Martinez-Alier,

In india the Narmada Bachao Aandolan led widespread protests against a project,funded by multinational as well as indigenous capital.And it's just not damage only ecology but the displacement of thousands of tribal peoples all across the Narmada Valley.

🟦 Arundhati Roy

She reminds us that tribal people in central India have a history of resistance that predates Mao by centuries.

In that Luxemburg's ideas remain important today for two reasons.

1.She alert us to the deep historical connection between trade and colonialism.

2.She reminds us that accumulation is a constant process rather than a past event.

#Globalisation is a spectacular display of the energy of capital as it moves across the world in seach of new markets and new raw materials,goodand labour,while there is certainly a redefinition of older colonial and neo-colonial boundaries through this process, the newer divisions build on former patterns of dispossession. Because it is an ongoing process, David Harvey suggests that we redefine ‘primitive accu­mulation’ as ‘accumulation by dispossession’ (2005: 144).

 🟦 According to Harvey,

All the features of primitive accumulation that Marx mentions have remained powerfully present with capitalism’s historical geography until now. Displacement of peasant populations and the formation of a landless proletariat has accelerated in countries such as Mexico and India in the last three decades, many formerly common property resources, such as water, have been privatised (often at World Bank insistence) … alternative (indigenous and even, in the case of the United States, petty commodity) forms of production and consumption have been suppressed. Nationalised industries have been privatised. Family farming has been taken over by agribusiness. And slavery has not disappeared (particularly in the sex trade).

(Harvey 2005: 145–46)

Chakrabarty conceds that,

Climate change, refracted through global capital, will no doubt accentuate the logic of inequality that runs through the rule of capital; some people will no doubt gain temporarily at the expense of others. But the whole crisis cannot be reduced to a story of capitalism. Unlike in the crises of capitalism, there are no lifeboats here for the rich and the privileged (witness the drought in Australia or recent fires in the wealthy neighborhoods of California).

(Chakrabarty 2009: 221)

He also insist that we will have to abandon our previous conceptions of human freedom that entitled thinking about the injustice, oppression, inequality,or even uniformity foisted on them by other human or human made system.

🟦Ian Baucon observes that a 'new universaliam: the universalism of species thinking' is being proposed here.

Ania Loomba has also discussed some recent scholarship and political movements that show why the colonial past and the globalised present are deeply interconnected.

Examples

💠Sardar Sarovar Dam,Narmada river 

💠Dhruv Bhatt's Tatvamasi

The novel remain totally aloof from the agitation in the villages and around Narmada Dam by school activities.

Dhruv  Bhatt belongs to Bhat those witers who may not be considered as the historians,the interpreter of contemporary culture and the prophets of their people.such writers do not concern themselves with social themes.

We can say that his concern is more spiritual in his writing and completely forgot about social realism.

💠Film:Sherni 

This movie discusses how one tiger is stuck between that place where industrial development was grown up. The story goes like this tiger became the talk of town and politicians use this for upcoming elections. One forest officer called Vidhya tries to save a tiger and send them to a zoo and one professor helped her and at the climax of the movie we found that at the middle there is a mill. Tiger is not able to across it and that’s why she stuck.  

💠Film:Avatar

💠Film:Planet of the Apes

💠Aarey Forest Controversy:

💠Lakshadweep

💠Anti Goonda Regulation

💠Kerala to restrict use of groundwater by 

💠Char Dham Road Project

Thinking Activity: Midnight's Children

Hello Readers!!

After long period of time once again welcome to my blog.This blog is a response to the thinking activity assigned by our Prof.Dilip Barad sir on the novel and film adaptation “Midnight’s Children” by Salman Rushdiee.Sir has given five points to pondered upon.

About Midnight’s Children

Midnight’s children(novel), is story of Grandfather to son Saleem and another boy Shiva. With the born of independent India at mid night some children were also born and with their grows symbolically growing of India is presented. Movie is like collage of so any things. Many stories goes together with various symbols, hidden meanings and mechanics of the movie. Midnight’s children is like National History in Fictional way. Deepa Mehta try to make it Dreamy and Dramatic. Salman Rushdie is himself screenplay writer, though it is not as good as novel.

Decolonizing of human mind and how we look at freedom struggle or nationalism also is very important. This people who are cross over people hybrid identities like Deepa Mehta, Mira Niar.. They look at history in rather different perspective and which are normally not much in same way and their work hatred r being attacked by Hindutva identities or people.

The film is not very good film, the way Novel has been appreciated time and again and we see that screen play written by same writer of novel yet, even it is not as good as novel. It goes to that idea that when same writer translate the work, it’s not good translation but, it may be not 100% true theory because, writer like Harold Pinter, who was also screen paly writer, but His understanding medium of media and stage very well.

1.First point to ponder upon is narrative technique. How was the narrative technique of the movie adaptation and in the novel ?

Salman Rushdie is undoubtly one of the most famous novelists in presenttime. His second novel Midnight's Children received greater critical acclaimand made Rushdie a famous literary figure in English speaking world. The novelwon for him Booker of Bookers prize in 1993. In the novel Rushdie introduces aninnovator narrative technique which is different from the contemporary writers.He uses the first person narrative through Saleem Sinai, the protagonist of thenovel. Rushdie also makes good use of the device of Magic Realism in Midnight'sChildren. Further Rushdie's use of cinematic elements can clearly be seen inthe novel. All this shows Bombay Cinema's influence on Rushdie and Rushdie'suse of Indianized English is his biggest achievement. His use of Indian worldlike ekdum, angrez, firangee etc. give Indian flavor to the novel. Above all,Rushdie can be considered the master of narrative techniques at present time.

The second point is about characters. There are some characters which are left out in the film adaptation. It is hard to describe every Characters in the film. So the narrator used the major and important Characters in the adaptation. 

Satya Bhabha as Saleem Sinai

Shriya Saran as Parvati

Siddharth Narayan as Shiva

Darsheel Safary as Saleem Sinai (as a child)

Anupam Kher as Ghani

Shabana Azmi as Naseem

Neha Mahajan as Young Naseem

Seema Biswas as Mary

Charles Dance as William Methwold

Samrat Chakrabarti as Wee Willie Winkie

Rajat Kapoor as Aadam Aziz

Soha Ali Khan as Jamila

Rahul Bose as Zulfikar

Anita Majumdar as Emerald

Shahana Goswami as Amina

Chandan Roy Sanyal as Joseph D'Costa

Ronit Roy as Ahmed Sinai

Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Picture Singh

Shikha Talsania as Alia

Zaib Shaikh as Nadir Khan

Sarita Choudhury as Indira Gandhi

Vinay Pathak as Hardy

Kapila Jayawardena as Governor

Ranvir Shorey as Laurel

Suresh Menon as Field Marshal

G.R Perera as Astrologer

Rajesh Khera

Salman Rushdie, narrator

 

Here is the link for the characters in the novel.Click Here

Here are the list of character from the novel who didn't appear in the film.

-Padma

-Sonny Ibrahim

-Commander Sabarmati

-Lila Sabarmati

-Homy Carrack

-Alice Pereira

-Nalikar Women

-Ramram Sheth

3.The third point is the themes and symbols. 

 

The Silver Spittoon :-

 

The silver spittoon given to Amina as part of her dowry by the Rani of Cooch Naheen is responsible for Saleem’s loss of memory. Even when he has amnesia, however, Saleem continues to cherish the spittoon as if he still understands its historical value. Following the destruction of his family, the silver spittoon is the only tangible remnant of Saleem’s former life, and yet it too is eventually destroyed when Saleem’s house in the ghetto is torn down. Spittoons, once used as part of a cherished game for both old and young, gradually fell out of use: the old men no longer spit their betel juice into the street as they tell stories, nor do the children dart in between the streams as they listen. The spittoon is the symbol of a vanishing era, which, in retrospect, seemed simpler and easier. And so, although Saleem may not be able to recall the specific association between the spittoon and his family, the spittoon maintains its symbolic quality as both a container of memory and source of amnesia.

 

Knees and nose 

 

Saleem Sinai’s large, bulbous nose is a symbol of his power as the leader of the Midnight Children’s Conference, which is comprised of all children born on the moment of India’s independence from British rule. His nose makes his power of telepathy possible, and this is how he communicates with the other children of midnight (who all have varied powers of their own). Saleem inherits his rather large, and perpetually congested, nose from his grandfather, Aadam Aziz, who also uses his nose to sniff out trouble. Saleem’s nasal powers begin after an accident in his mother’s washing-chest, in which he sniffs a rogue pajama string up his nose, resulting in a deafening sneeze and the instant arrival of the voices in his head. Saleem’s power of telepathy remains until a sinus surgery clears out his nose “goo.” After his surgery, Saleem is unable to further commune with the other children. Ironically, after Saleem’s nasal congestion is gone, he gains the ability to smell emotions, and he spends much time categorizing all the smells he frequently encounters.

 

 

Pickle :- 

Pickles are repeatedly mentioned in Midnight’s Children, and while they are often viewed as a phallic symbol, they are generally representative of the power of preservation within Rushdie’s novel. Saleem is the manager of a pickle factory, and he preserves pickles and chutneys each day. He also attempts to preserve his own life story like the pickles in his factory. Saleem largely manages to preserve his life through storytelling, offering a bit of immortality to a dying man, and he also labels and stores each chapter he writes in a pickle jar, so that they may be read later, by his son for example. This connection between pickles and the preservation of stories endures until the very end of the book, when Saleem ceremoniously labels his very last pickle jar as a way of closing out his story and his life as a whole.

 

The Perforated Sheet :- 

 

In the movie we have seen two times The perforated sheet through which Aadam Aziz falls in love with his future wife performs several different symbolic functions throughout the novel. Unable to see his future wife as a whole, Aadam falls in love with her in pieces. As a result, their love never has a cohesive unit that holds them together. The second use we see while the performance of singing by Jamila.

 

4.And the fourth point is the texture of the novel. 

 

We see the good attempt by Salman Rushdie and Deepa Mehta. The film is not told in chronological order, but it is told in flashback. When Salim remembered something he told the audience and listener. And then come back to real life from that flashback. Whole story is told by Salim. And he described the things that he felt. This is my interpretation of the novel and film adaptation. 

 

Well some symbols are used very closely in some movies, like Taj Mahal. But Salman Rushdie and Deepa Mehta haven't took very close up scene of Taj Mahal. That we can see in the movie,

 

5.We had a screening of the movie in online mode. The initial impression is impressive. Salam Rushdie as the narrator and writer tried to capture it very well in the film. To cover everything in one movie is hard to maintain. When we read a novel it takes a lot of time, but we can watch a movie in 2 or 3 hours. But when we read the whole novel it describes the deep ideas, but the movie can not present everything in comparison to the novel. And Rushdie's novel is the novel which can be presented in web series. But the film adaptation is good. All Characters acted like real life incidents. Their dialogues are also well knighted and have interconnection with each other.