(By clicking on the image you will get resource to know more about Derrida)
Hello friends..
Normally we think that Literary theories in Literature and especially when we came to modern theories it is a kind of heavy dose. But, as usual like every coin everything has two opposite side. Similarly, it is interesting to read theories and apply it on literary text or on any kind of art is very much helpful to read text from multiple angles. So what we have done here is deconstructing the very stereotyped belief that Literary theory are very hard...But no it is very easy after deep reading. So today, I am going to talk about the very modern and keen theory of Post-Structuralism is Deconstruction by Derrida.
👉Structuralism and Post structuralism is the knot from which the two branches of philosophy separates. to know more about both dialects Click here. Jacques Derrida was one of the famous post-structuralist critic who gave the idea of Deconstruction . In his essay Structure, Sign and Play he discusses the process of Deconstruction at length. He has refused to define the term because even in the process of giving the definition it loses the meaning and deconstructs itself.
👉Blog for further understanding of deconstruction by Dr. Dilip Barad,Click here
🟦What is Deconstruction?
🟦Definition of Deconstruction :-
A philosophical movement and theory of literary Criticism that questions traditional assumption about certainty, identity and truth; asserts that words can only refer to other words; and attempts to demonstrate how statement about any text subvert their own meaning.
- Your Dictionary
Derrida the founder of term Deconstruction refuse to define it. Because he personally believes that anything on the Earth cannot be defined at it extreme and complete. So by denying to define Deconstruction Derrida making the deconstruction of very common idea of "Definition."
Deconstruction is a reaction against Structuralism. Structuralist strongly believed that everything has some kind of similar structure which is fixed and absolute. But Post-Structuralist neglected the idea of Structuralism and said There is nothing like Constant everything is changing.
Through the theory of Deconstruction what Derrida wants to prove is that Nothing is fixed whether it is time or meaning of words. Meaning of word changes with different contexts. Everything is going to be changed with every moment. So this is the simplified version of Deconstruction. But what Derridian concept of Deconstruction is that text is a "Free play of Meaning" You can read the text from different angles and point out different meanings from the same text by dismantling or decentering the original meaning.
When we decode the word "Being" (means something is existed),
The "Be" means Complete, done and "ing" refers to something which is in process.
So the word Being is also denotes two meaning that you are something and you are also in the process of becoming something
So, the word 'Being' is signifier, which signifying nothing. According to Lacan There is constant sliding between signifier and signified. We can never reach at the ultimate or proper meaning. Signifier which lead to another signifier and signifies nothing. It is all about playing of Word-game. Very appropriate quote for Deconstruction is that….
"When you play with words,
Words play with you."
🟨Decostrutive Reading of the film 'Hellaro':
👉Free Play of meanings:
“Hellaro” can be viewed as a text with multiple interpretations. The title of the film which is “Hellaro” means ‘the air of freshness’, ‘a wave’ or ‘the outburst’ contains many serious ideas within itself. On one hand this title has a literary significance of the air of fresh thoughts or new vibes but on the very other hand the texture of the film is going backwards with an aim to show the rural village of Kutch during the time of emergency in and around 1975. In one of the scene (duration 15:40) the men of the village were discussing with ‘Mukhiya’ on whether to allow a widow to fetch water from the river nearby the village or not. The time of the film can be recognized in their conversation.
“The government has not been able to reach here, how will the emergency get to us?”
The film pulls in the backward direction with the rituals and norms which are followed by the village folks but with the same speed those norms and rituals pushes the audience forward where they are able to recognize the absences through which the film becomes a revolt against the patriarchal constructions.We can say that the meaning of the title is still unclear. The meaning of the text gets blurred at the moment of watching the scene where the men perform Garba with swords. The title may mean a wave but the first performance of Garba by men is thrilling where the camera speaks the language. Men are playing garaba outside but the women are suppressed inside their home. These two vital frames represent the patriarchal family structures. It creates an ambiguity whether the garba played by men proves their manliness and their strength in controlling women or it is their mentality to squash a little girl’s curiosity when she asks why she can’t play the garba like her father. As soon as she finishes her question a strong patriarchal voice flashes which command her mother to teach the daughter not to even as such question! The film is not only about woman’s revolt against patriarchy but it also has many interesting characteristics that qualifies it as a good art.
👉DECENTERING THE CENTER
If we look at the center of the film is the goddess or Maavdi. And as the deconstructive reading demands the deep observation of recognizing the irony, the making of God and glorification by men of the village generates a scope to read the absences, as well as the ironical implications, supports the idea of Albert Camus which suggests that killing god is a necessary rebel. Through the making of the goddess and glorifying her, the film perhaps reveal ironically the helplessness of humans especially the women of the village. In the film the very idea ‘Maavdi’ of the folktale from which the story is believed to have inspired, is killed. The folks of the village keep on praying the goddess for rain but she is not at all blessing the villagers. Despite this, a tale is weaved around the draught like condition of the village where a woman’s elopement is the major issue. The woman for the scope of earning attempted to liberate herself from the threshold of patriarchy and the headstrong norms designed especially for the suppression of women.
👉DIFFERANCE
The ‘Maavdi’ itself is the main sign. The idea of ‘Maavdi’ is different to men and women of the villages. For one group, it is the medium to express joy and for another it is the medium of suppression. Because of this reason, perhaps, the women perform garba along the tunes of dholi without any medium. The idea of ‘Maavdi’ is broken.
💠Incident of letter
👉METAPHYSICS OF PRESENCE
In the film ‘Hellaro’, the dialogue is repeated almost number of times-
“Maavdi rasto batavse”
This statement by the ‘Mukhiya’ of village rules the film.The earlier frame which shows that only men can play garba is completely broken down by the last frame.
👉BINARY OPPOSITIONS
Structuralists used to believe that language is created on Binary Opposition where one is privileged over the other. But deconstionists have totally dismantled this concept where they believe there is nothing like opposite things. Everything is equal and on the same line.
The film ‘Hellaro’ has indeed made a change in the society where it tried to focus on the human centric world rather than the god centric world as well as being a feminist film, perhaps, it revealed the gender dynamics which operates within society. The deconstructive reading may reveal that in the film all men, on one hand, have the deepest faith in their ‘Maavdi’ (Goddess) but on the very other hand they oppress their own wives.
🟦 Second Example
👉In this video you will find the binary opposition like Superior / Inferior, Master / slave, poor/rich , light / dark. the main idea of this advertisement is after eating this chewing gum you will get sparkling white.but if look according Derradian concept of deconstruction it is breaking the idea of light or white. all these men are serving in royal palace to give light. at first look we din't get this.but after reading Derrida this ad present opposite binares.
🟦Deconstrive Reading of the poem:The Road Not Taken.
We studied this poem while in sem 2.So here I would like to Deconstrunct this poem.First of all we tried to look at the meaning of the title.
👉Meaning
"The Road not Taken," is a text which rises over multiple differences some of them are:
💠The title itself supplies the major difference in the text.
💠There are two roads:
1.the road not taken and
2.the road taken.
This suggests two meanings:
a- It can mean that the poem is about the road which the speaker did not take.
b- It can also mean that the poem is about the road which the speaker took which was not taken by others.
👉 Signs and difference
Different signs are used in the text in order to suggest rich meanings. The road itself is a main sign. Roads are used in life and culture to stand for lifeline, its crises and decisions. The road in the text suggests a shift in the way of life for the speaker and shows his decision to make a new turn in it. The moral indication in this sign is clear: man must keep on developing his manner of thinking:
👉The poet also uses color signs of yellow and black in the poem:
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
🟦" सौंदर्य साबुन निरमा ।"
It is advertisement of Nirma Soap. In this ad one beautiful girl gives the ad of quality of Nirma soap. The tagline of advertisement is सबकी पसंद निरमा, सौंदर्य साबुन निरमा । They use here Nirma soap for beauty. Here my observation is the girl is already beautiful and white natural. There is not any effect of Nirma Soap. The main thing is that they ( Celebrities) really uses these kind of soap in their day today life ? Definitely the answer is no, then why they cheat with common people. They chose the girl for advertisement, who is already white and in reality they never uses this type of soap.
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